名人们的即兴演讲方式

　　表现自信心.

　　继拿破仑之后法国历史上传奇总统戴高乐的《谁说败局已定》中说道，“那些身居军界要职的将领们已经组成了一个政府.这个政府以我们的军队吃了败仗为由.毫无疑问，我们确是吃了败仗，我们陷于包围之中.我们之所以受挫，不仅是因为德军人数众多，更重要的是他们的飞机、坦克和战略.正是这些，使我们的军队不知所措.但是难道已经一锤定音，胜利无望，败局已定吗?不，绝不如此!请相信我，因为我对自己说话胸有成竹.我告诉你们，法兰西并没有失败.我们完全可以以其人之道，还治其人之身，并有朝一日扭转乾坤，取得胜利.” 戴高乐在分析了敌我双方的形势后，他以一位领袖所具有的宏大气魄，断然否定了暂时的失败，表现出了对困难的极大蔑视和对胜利的坚定信心.

　　增强号召力.

　　英国电影艺术家卓别林《要为自由而战斗》中说道，“战士们，你们别去为那些野兽们买命啊!他们鄙视你们，限定你们的伙食，拿你们当炮灰.你们别去受这些丧失理性的摆布，他们都是机器人，长的机器脑袋，机器心肝!可你们不是机器人，你们是人，你们有着人爱.”卓别林的演讲，对于盲目状态下被人利用的士兵具有强大的号召力，他以战士的立场，分析了大独裁者带给他们多方面的伤害，号召不要去买命当炮灰.

　　吸引听众.

　　有一位不知姓名的演说家有一演讲，“关于抽烟，我想了很久，为什么吸烟的害处那么多，而人们还是要吸呢?我又仔细想了想，可能抽烟有三个好处：一是不会被狗咬;二是家里永远安全;三是永远年轻.大家要问，那为什么呢?因为：一是抽烟人多为驼背，狗一看见他弯腰驼背的样子，以为要捡石头打它呢;二是抽烟的爱咳嗽，小偷以为人还没有睡觉，不敢行窃;三是抽烟有害健康，减少寿命，所以永远年轻.这段笑话一开始讲了所谓的“三个好处”，一下子就吸引住了听众，把人带入好奇.后来将吸烟的三个好处一一说明，使听众很快恍然大悟.

　　拉近听众距离.

　　原xx刘少奇《对华北记者团的讲话》中说道，“很久以前，就想和你们做新闻工作的同志们谈一谈，我过去只和新华社的同志谈过，和多数同志没有谈.谈到办报，我是个外行，没有办过报，也没有写过通讯，只是看过报.因此，你们工作中的甘苦我了解的不多.但是作为一个读者，我可以向你们提点要求.你们写东西是为了给人家看，你们是为读者服务的，看报的人说好，你们的工作就做好了.看报的人从你那得到材料、得到经验、得到教训、得到指导，你们的工作就做好了.”刘少奇作为xx，在讲话中没有摆官架子，也没有打官枪，说自己是门外汉，是一个普通读者，以这种身份提出意见，一下子拉近了领导与群众的距离，听众自然会认真的听他讲话.

　　消除对抗心理.

　　敬爱的周恩来出访印度时，一天晚上召开演讲会，有一帮印度记者扬言要发难，当工作人员得知后，将这个情况报告了，说，“你们放心吧，新德里的子弹打不倒我”.于是毫不顾及地走进了会场.一上讲台，有位记者喊“中国佬，滚出去!”这时双目扫视了一下会场，然后语音沉稳，却极富魅力的开始演讲.台下记者“唰唰”地记录着.重审了中国的立场后说“中国，印度，都有着5020xx年的古老文明，印度的佛教经典，曾给中华民族的成长注入过丰厚的营养，中国的四大发明，也为印度的经济、文化繁荣做过贡献.几千年来，我们一直和平相处，在历史的长河中，中印之间从未发生过真正的战争.我希望，两国即使遇到再大的问题，也应坐下来通过协商解决.切不可对上辜负列祖列宗，对下害了后代子孙.”讲话结束后，会场爆起了掌声.利用赞美的方法消除了听众的对抗心理，使听众产生了民族自豪感和心理认同感.

　　激发听众同情心.

　　青年演讲家谢伦浩《愿天下的父母都幸福》中说道，“王军山老人有三个儿子、一个女儿，后来又拣到一个弃婴.王奶奶含辛茹苦把他们五个抚养成人，一个个都成了家.王奶奶健壮时争来抢去，成了“廉价保姆”、“全自动洗衣机”.老人年纪大了，身体一年不如一年，儿女们为赡养问题犯愁，当皮球一样踢来踢去.当王奶奶丧失了自理能力时，更加惹儿女们厌恶.有一天，儿女们凑到一起，商量要送王奶奶去医院看病，并再三叮咛老人，到医院后什么也不要说.结果去的不是医院，而是火葬场.可怜的王奶奶躺在送尸车上，静静的等着医生为她看病，心里还暗暗想着回家如何报答儿女们，结果被送进了火化炉.同志们啊!这不是传说，是实实在在真人真事啊!”演讲者通过这个令人发指的事件，使听众产生共鸣，从而达到演讲的效果.

　　增强说服力.

　　有一篇不知姓名的演讲者，他说“‘嘴上无毛’就一定‘办事不牢’吗?古今中外有许多军事家，恰恰都是风华正茂的时候，建立了不朽的功勋.民族英雄岳飞，20多岁带兵抗金，任节度大使时才31岁.其儿子12岁从军，14岁打随州率先登城，20岁就当上了将军;率大军席卷欧洲的拿破仑， 24岁就是上将;周恩来26岁就任黄埔军校政治部主任;叶挺17岁当了军长;刘志丹24岁任红十五军团政委.由此可见，‘嘴上无毛’与‘办事不牢’并无关系.关键是有才无才，俗话说，有才不在年高，无才空活百岁.”这位演讲者用充分的事实，论证了“嘴上无毛”未必“办事不牢”这样一个观点，说明了年龄与才能之间没有必然的联系，以增强对听众的说服力.

　　巧用数字.

　　有位演讲者是这么用数字的，“是啊!谁也不可否认，大国不等于强国，我们的综合国力不强，我们的装备还很落后，我们的技术还不先进，尤其可怕的是‘人均’二字，长期约束着我国的国民经济.据有关专家预测，我国土地资源最多能载9.5亿人，如今已有12亿，这12亿张嘴并在一起就有3平方多公里;一年喝掉的酒能装满一个半杭州西湖;一天抽的烟排列起来相当于我国东西长3个来回;一天吃的粮食能装7万辆大卡车.”这位演讲者为了说明12亿人口的消耗，用了4组数字给听众留下了难忘的影响，深感我国人口的压力.

　　在演讲中，作开场白最不易把握，即兴演讲尤其如此.但如果你抓住了“自己”这一话题将其“说”得好，“说”得巧，那么既能自我介绍，又能吸引听众.

　　一、 巧解别人对自己的称呼

　　1938年陈毅率领新四军在浙江开化县华埠镇休整.当地的抗日组织召开欢迎大会，邀请陈毅上台演讲.开始主持人作介绍称陈毅为将军，陈毅登上讲坛，接过话头大声说：“我叫陈毅，耳武汉陈，毅力的毅，刚才司仪先生称我为将军，实在不敢当，我现在还不是将军.当然叫我将军也可以.我是受全国老百姓的委托，去‘将’日本鬼子的‘军’.这一‘将’直到把他们‘将死’为止……”

　　这段开场白，正好是接过别人的话头，从虽人对自己的称呼说起，却又顺借“将军”的另一含义巧妙发挥，自然、幽默、睿智，且非常有气势，真可谓妙极.

　　二、 巧用自己的名字

　　在“蜀秀礼仪小姐大赛”决赛中，有一位叫江南的少女作了这样一段即兴演讲：“唐代大诗人白居易有一首词：‘江南好，风景旧曾谙.日出江花红胜火，春来江水绿如蓝.能不忆江南?’我就是‘能不忆江南’的江南……‘春风又绿江南岸’的‘江南’，愿美的春风飘落神州大地的每个角落，飘在你的心中.”

　　作为即兴演讲，能以古诗词开头就已很吸引人;而演讲者能切合“礼仪小姐大赛——选美”这一主题，在观众心中创设出一种美的意境，则更难能可贵;更重要的是，她还借此达到了更好地推销自己的目的.这真是人美、名美、演讲更美.

　　三、 巧用“自嘲”

　　自嘲就是“自我开炮”，用在开场白里，目的是用诙谐的语言巧妙地自我介绍，这样会使听众倍感亲切，无形中缩短了与听众间的距离.

　　胡适在一次演讲时这样开头：“我今天不是来向诸君来作报告的，我是来‘胡说’的，因为我姓胡.”

　　话章刚落，听众大笑.这个开场白既匚妙地介绍了自己，又体现演讲者廉逊的态度，而且活跃了场上的气氛，起到了沟通演讲者与听众的作用，一石三鸟，堪称一绝.

　　四、 巧作对比

　　1991年11月，李雪健因主演《焦裕禄》同时获得“金鸡奖”和“百花奖”两个大奖，他在致答谢词时没有用别人常说的毫无新意的套话，只是诚挚地说：“苦和累都让一个大好人焦裕禄受了，名和利都让一个傻小子李雪健得了.”

　　他的话刚停，全场掌声雷动，他的演讲不仅让人“开胃”开心，而且让人了解了他的人格，对他生出了几分敬佩.

　　在综合英语课堂教学中介入英语演讲,能克服传统教学侧重语言输入的弊端,有效培养学生英语语言综合应用能力。下面是小编为你整理的几篇英语即兴演讲名人名言，希望能帮到你哟。

英语即兴演讲名人名言篇一

　　dear students :

　　hello everyone !

　　black mamba is a deadly poisonous snakes have , why do i get this name? because once i entered the stadium , i was deadly , like the black mamba same. so the next scene , i can joke , but once i entered the stadium , i'll be like a new person , like , engrossed on the pitch.

　　i am now 35 years old, went to be the second half of his career, like some of the injured are also commonplace. once injured , you think the world stopped, regardless of knee injuries, shoulder injuries , and so on . i know a lot of people have ruined the whole career , and some people even depressed , can not even return to the stadium. when that moment happened, i would look at himself in the mirror , "said bryant , what would you ? if you experience such pain you what will happen ? " you know, every time i see someone hurt, i saw a lot of people come back after the injury , i looked at himself in the mirror muttering , "is not it quit ? should not stop playing it?" i do not know yet whether the return game. i sit here and tell you now , i want a full recovery back on the court . but i can not promise , because a lot of the time i still have some doubts , but i think , this is to meet the challenges of significance .

　　to seize every opportunity to prove yourself to everyone , to prove that you can meet the challenge. to those who say you can never succeed , you will fail to prove , and this is my opinion. if someone says you are the injured , to slump , and for me, if someone suffered this injury might quit , but kobe can not do this . others say it under your die, i would say that you so that you may quit . so i have to prove it to them , especially to my fans who support me , love , i have to win their own , to win the pain , can return to the game . so as to allow those who doubt me rethink what is the impossible becomes possible. the importance of these scars is reflected in here , these scars are my shift reflects growing .

　　as a player, i was born with a passion to succeed , you want to win. but also the most important thing in life the hardest thing . as a player , you want to go to the stadium to meet the biggest challenge , i think the biggest challenge is to bring people into the team like a man as to constantly , constantly win, this is the biggest challenge the team of athletic competition , this is exactly my passion . for me personally, the most important thing is to continue to meet the challenge, and never afraid of challenges is extremely important.

　　but more important to maintain a constant curiosity of things , such as how to play better , how to improve the skills , how what is learned from others . in fact, i grew up to now has been looking for factors that inspire me from all aspects , not just from the body of michael jordan , earvin magic johnson from the body, but also from michael jackson , beethoven, leonardo da vinci, bruce lee's body, these who gave me great motivation, let me forward, so this is the spirit of the black mamba . not that you have to constantly attack others , but to never stop you from moving forward . life is a life-long learning , so it is extremely important to keep learning . you have to keep learning , study and study again , and talk to people , to understand , to learn, and not feel that you know everything . the only way you can become a better person , in order to further improve your skills . finally, there will be a by-product , to become a champion , become better yourself. for me, this is the spirit of the black mamba , my source of spiritual lies. so if i am able to pass this spirit to all of you , whatever you want to do, to become a basketball player , a writer or a presenter, no matter what your dream is , you must adhere to the dream of success from the front people who learn from the experience and knowledge to the success of all walks of life , some of them have in common makes them stand out, be successful, this is what i want to convey to you today positive energy .

英语即兴演讲名人名言篇二

　　the truth of these words is beyond doubt, but the mission to which they call us is a most difficult one. even when pressed by the demands of inner truth, men do not easily assume the task of opposing their government's policy, especially in time of war. nor does the human spirit move without great difficulty against all the apathy of conformist thought within one's own bosom and in the surrounding world. moreover, when the issues at hand seem as perplexed as they often do in the case of this dreadful conflict, we are always on the verge of being mesmerized by uncertainty; but we must move on.

　　and some of us who have already begun to break the silence of the night have found that the calling to speak is often a vocation of agony, but we must speak. we must speak with all the humility that is appropriate to our limited vision, but we must speak. and we must rejoice as well, for surely this is the first time in our nation's history that a significant number of its religious leaders have chosen to move beyond the prophesying of smooth patriotism to the high grounds of a firm dissent based upon the mandates of conscience and the reading of history. perhaps a new spirit is rising among us. if it is, let us trace its movements and pray that our own inner being may be sensitive to its guidance, for we are deeply in need of a new way beyond the darkness that seems so close around us.

　　over the past two years, as i have moved to break the betrayal of my own silences and to speak from the burnings of my own heart, as i have called for radical departures from the destruction of vietnam, many persons have questioned me about the wisdom of my path. at the heart of their concerns this query has often loomed large and loud: "why are you speaking about the war, dr. king?" "why are you joining the voices of dissent?" "peace and civil rights don't mix," they say. "aren't you hurting the cause of your people," they ask? and when i hear them, though i often understand the source of their concern, i am nevertheless greatly saddened, for such questions mean that the inquirers have not really known me, my commitment or my calling. indeed, their questions suggest that they do not know the world in which they live.

　　in the light of such tragic misunderstanding, i deem it of signal importance to try to state clearly, and i trust concisely, why i believe that the path from dexter avenue baptist church -- the church in montgomery, alabama, where i began my pastorate -- leads clearly to this sanctuary tonight.

英语即兴演讲名人名言篇三

　　helping every american with autism achieve their full potential is one of this administration’s top priorities. at the u.s. department of health and human services, we continue to strive to meet the complex needs of all people with autism spectrum disorders (asd) and their families. while there is no cure, early intervention is critical and can greatly improve a child’s development.

　　perhaps the biggest step we’ve taken to support those affected by autism and their families happened over a year ago, with the signing of the affordable care act. now, new insurance plans are required to cover autism screening and developmental assessments for children at no cost to parents. insurers will also no longer be allowed to deny children coverage for a pre-existing condition such as asd or to set arbitrary lifetime or annual limits on benefits.

　　also, thanks to the new law, young adults are allowed to stay on their family health insurance until they turn 26. for a young adult with autism spectrum disorder and their family, that means peace of mind. it means more flexibility, more options, and more opportunity to reach their full potential.

　　ultimately, there is more support for americans with autism than ever before. this means more promise of new breakthroughs that will help us understand autism even better. but in order to continue meeting the needs of people with autism, the combating autism act must be fully reauthorized. we still have a long way to go. working collaboratively with important partners, the affordable care act and the combating autism act will allow us to continue important research and develop and refine vital treatments.

　　there are still many unknowns. however, one thing is certain. we will continue to work harder than ever to find solutions and provide support to individuals with asd and their families. together, we can help reduce disparities and allow everyone to actualize their greatest potential.

　　kathleen sebelius is secretary of health and human services.

　　演讲采取的方法和形式，大体有如下四种：照读式演讲、背诵式演讲、提纲式演讲、即兴式演讲。

　　1 照读式演讲，亦称读稿式演讲。

　　演讲者拿着事先写好的演讲稿，走上讲台，逐字逐句地向听众宣读一遍。其内容经过慎重考虑，语言经过反复推敲，结构经过精心安排，话讲得郑重。它比较适合于在重要而严肃的场合运用。如各级党代会、人代会、政协会议等大会报告、纪念重大节日的领导人讲话、外匀部的声明等。它的缺点是照本宣科，影响演讲者与听众之间思想感珠交流。据说，在英国下院，照本宣读演讲被认为是愚蠢的表现。在我国，一般场合采用这种演讲方式也不受听众欢迎。

　　2 背诵式演讲，亦称脱稿演讲。

　　演讲者事先写好演讲稿，反复照背，背熟后上讲台，脱稿向听众演讲。这种演讲方式比较适合于演讲比赛和初学演讲者，可以在一定程度上检验和培养演讲者的演讲能力。其缺点是不便于演讲者临场发挥，使听众觉得矫揉造作，一旦忘词，就难以继续，往往要当场出丑。据说，英国首相丘吉尔曾有一次因背不出讲稿而栽倒在讲台上。所以，运用这种演讲方式，必须做好充分准备，语言尽量口语化，表达自然，切忌表演的痕迹。

　　3 提纲式演讲，亦称提示式演讲。

　　演讲者只把演讲的主要内容和层次结构，按照提纲形式写出来，借助它进行演讲，而不必一字一句写成演讲方式，其特点是能避免照读式演讲和背诵式演讲与听众思想感情缺乏交流的不足——演讲者根据几条原则性的提纲进行演讲，比较灵活，便于临场发挥，真实感强，又具有照读式演讲和背诵式演讲的长处——事先对演讲的内容有充分准备，可以有一定的时间惧材料，考虑演讲要点和论证方法，但不要求写出全文，而是提纲挈领的把整个演讲的主要观点、论据、结构层次等用简练的句子排列出来，作为演讲时的提示，靠它开启思路。是初学演讲者进一步提高演讲水平的行之有效的一种演讲方式。

　　4 即兴式演讲。

　　演讲者预先没有充分准备而临场生情动意所发表的演讲，它是一种难度最大、要求最高、效果最佳的演讲方式，可以根据实际情况，针对听众的心理和需要，灵活机动，迅速调动语言的一切积极因素，以悬河之口生动的直观和形象的直感染力，是其它各种演讲方式都无法比拟的。使用演讲方式需要演讲者具有德、才、学、识、胆诸方面很高的修养，具有很强的记忆力、丰富的想象力和联想力、敏捷的思维能力、大量的语言和材料储备……如果不具备这些条件，即使使用这种演讲方式，也不会取得理想的演讲效果。相反，往往还会出现信口开河，漫无边际，逻辑混乱，漏洞百出的现象。这样反倒影响了演讲的效果。虽然如此，每个演讲者必须争取掌握这种演讲方式。只要下苦功，肯定是会学到手的。

　　何振梁是中国奥委会名誉主席，国际奥委会委员，是北京申奥由失败到成功的标志性人物。今天小编给大家分享一篇何振梁先生在20xx年申奥的精彩演讲，希望对大家有所帮助。

　　名人演讲：何振梁先生在20xx年申奥演讲

　　No matter which decision you make today, it will be recorded in history. However one decision will certainly serve to make history. With your decision here today, you can move the world and China toward an embrace of friendship through sport that will benefit all mankind.

　　Almost 50 years ago, I took part in the Olympic Games for the first time; it was in Helsinki. Since then, I have become deeply attached to the Olympic spirit. And me, like so many of my countrymen, I am convinced that the Olympic values are universal and the Olympic flame lights up the way of progress for all humanity.

　　It has been a dream of mine throughout my career to find a way to bring the Olympic Games to China. I, too, want my countrymen and women to experience the eternal beauty of the Olympic dream in our homeland.

　　By voting for Beijing, you will bring the Games for the first time in the history of Olympism to a country with one fifth of the world's population and give to this billion people the opportunity to serve the Olympic Movement with creativity and devotion.

　　Dear colleagues, the message you send today may signal the beginning of a new era of global unity.

　　If you honor Beijing with the right to host the 20xx Olympic Games, I can assure you, my dear colleagues, that, in seven years from now, Beijing will make you proud of the decision you make here today.

　　Thank you.

　　主席先生、国际奥委会的委员们，

　　无论你们今天做出什么样的选择，都将载入史册。

　　但是只有一种决定可以创造历史。你们今天这个决定可以通过体育促进世界和中国友好相拥在一起，从而造福于全人类。

　　将近50年前，我第一次参加了奥林匹克运动会，那是在赫尔辛基。从那时起我就深深地爱上了奥运精神。和祖国的许多同胞一样，我认为奥林匹克价值理念具有普遍意义，奥林匹克圣火照亮着人类前进的道路。

　　在我的生涯中，我一直梦想着将奥运会带来中国，让我的男女同胞在我的祖国体验奥林匹克理想永恒的魅力。

　　选择北京，你们将在奥林匹克历史上第一次将奥运会带到拥有世界上五分之一人口的国家，让十亿人民有机会用他们的创造力和奉献精神为奥林匹克运动服务。

　　你们所传达的信息也许将意味着一个全球团结新时代的开始。

　　如果你们把举办20xx年奥运会的荣誉授予北京，亲爱的同事们，我可以向你们保证，7年之后，北京将让你们为今天的决定而自豪。

　　谢谢!

　　SHALL WE CHOOSE DEATH?

　　Bertrand Russell

　　December 30, 1954

　　I am speaking not as a Briton, not as a European, not as a member of a western democracy, but as a human being, a member of the species Man, whose continued existence is in doubt. The world is full of conflicts: Jews and Arabs; Indians and Pakistanis; white men and Negroes in Africa; and, overshadowing all minor conflicts, the titanic struggle between communism and anticommunism.

　　Almost everybody who is politically conscious has strong feelings about one or more of these issues; but I want you, if you can, to set aside such feelings for the moment and consider yourself only as a member of a biological species which has had a remarkable history and whose disappearance none of us can desire. I shall try to say no single word which should appeal to one group rather than to another. All, equally, are in peril, and, if the peril is understood, there is hope that they may collectively avert it. We have to learn to think in a new way. We have to learn to ask ourselves not what steps can be taken to give military victory to whatever group we prefer, for there no longer are such steps. The question we have to ask ourselves is: What steps can be taken to prevent a military contest of which the issue must be disastrous to all sides?

　　The general public, and even many men in positions of authority, have not realized what would be involved in a war with hydrogen bombs. The general public still thinks in terms of the obliteration of cities. It is understood that the new bombs are more powerful than the old and that, while one atomic bomb could obliterate Hiroshima, one hydrogen bomb could obliterate the largest cities such as London, New York, and Moscow. No doubt in a hydrogen-bomb war great cities would be obliterated. But this is one of the minor disasters that would have to be faced. If everybody in London, New York, and Moscow were exterminated, the world might, in the course of a few centuries, recover from the blow. But we now know, especially since the Bikini test, that hydrogen bombs can gradually spread destruction over a much wider area than had been supposed. It is stated on very good authority that a bomb can now be manufactured which will be 25,000 times as powerful as that which destroyed Hiroshima. Such a bomb, if exploded near the ground or under water, sends radioactive particles into the upper air. They sink gradually and reach the surface of the earth in the form of a deadly dust or rain. It was this dust which infected the Japanese fishermen and their catch of fish although they were outside what American experts believed to be the danger zone. No one knows how widely such lethal radioactive particles might be diffused, but the best authorities are unanimous in saying that a war with hydrogen bombs is quite likely to put an end to the human race. It is feared that if many hydrogen bombs are used there will be universal death - sudden only for a fortunate minority, but for the majority a slow torture of disease and disintegration...

　　Here, then, is the problem which I present to you, stark and dreadful and inescapable: Shall we put an end to the human race1 or shall mankind renounce war? People will not face this alternative because it is so difficult to abolish war. The abolition of war will demand distasteful limitations of national sovereignty. But what perhaps impedes understanding of the situation more than anything else is that the term 'mankind' feels vague and abstract. People scarcely realize in imagination that the danger is to themselves and their children and their grandchildren, and not only to a dimly apprehended humanity' And so they hope that perhaps war may be allowed to continue provided modern weapons are prohibited. I am afraid this hope is illusory. Whatever agreements not to use hydrogen bombs had been reached in time of peace, they would no longer be considered binding in time of war, and both sides would set to work to manufacture hydrogen bombs as soon as war broke out, for if one side manufactured the bombs and the other did not, the side that manufactured them would inevitably be victorious...

　　As geological time is reckoned, Man has so far existed only for a very short period one million years at the most. What he has achieved, especially during the last 6,000 years, is something utterly new in the history of the Cosmos, so far at least as we are acquainted with it. For countless ages the sun rose and set, the moon waxed and waned, the stars shone in the night, but it was only with the coming of Man that these things were understood. In the great world of astronomy and in the little world of the atom, Man has unveiled secrets which might have been thought undiscoverable. In art and literature and religion, some men have shown a sublimity of feeling which makes the species worth preserving. Is all this to end in trivial horror because so few are able to think of Man rather than of this or that group of men? Is our race so destitute of wisdom, so incapable of impartial love, so blind even to the simplest dictates of self-preservation, that the last proof of its silly cleverness is to be the extermination of all life on our planet? - for it will be not only men who will perish, but also the animals, whom no one can accuse of communism or anticommunism.

　　I cannot believe that this is to be the end. I would have men forget their quarrels for a moment and reflect that, if they will allow themselves to survive, there is every reason to expect the triumphs of the future to exceed immeasurably the triumphs of the past. There lies before us, if we choose, continual progress in happiness, knowledge, and wisdom. Shall we, instead, choose death, because we cannot forget our quarrels? I appeal, as a human being to human beings: remember your humanity, and forget the rest. If you can do so, the way lies open to a new Paradise; if you cannot, nothing lies before you but universal death.

　　我们该选择死亡吗？

　　伯特兰·罗素

　　1954年12月30日

　　我不是作为一个英国人、一个欧洲人、一个西方民主国家的一员，而是作为一个人，作为不知是否还能继续生存下去的人类的一员在讲演。世界充满了争斗：犹太人和阿拉伯人；印度人和巴勒斯坦人；非洲的白人和黑人；以及使所有的小冲突都相形见绌的共产主义和反共产主义之间的大搏斗。

　　差不多每个有政治意识的人都对这类问题怀有强烈的感受；但是我希望你们，如果你们能够的话，把这份感受暂搁一边，并把自己只看作一种具有非凡历史、谁也不希望它灭亡的生物的一员。可能会迎合一群人而冷落另一群人的词语，我将努力一个字都不说。所有的人，不分彼此，都处在危险之中；如果大家都看到了这种危险，那么就有希望联合起来避开它。我们必须学习新的思想方法。我们必须学习不自问能采取什么措施来使我们所喜欢的人群获得军事上的胜利，因为不再有这样的措施。我们必须自问的问题是：能采取什么措施来避免必然会给各方造成灾难的军事竞赛？

　　普通群众，甚至许多当权人士，不清楚一场氢弹战所包含的会是什么。普通群众仍旧从城市的毁灭上思考问题。不言而喻，新炸弹比旧炸弹更具威力——一颗原弹能毁灭广岛，而一颗氢弹能毁灭像伦敦、纽约和菲斯科这样的大都市。毫无疑问，一场氢弹战将会毁灭大城市。但这只是世界必须面对的小灾难中的一个。假如化敦人、纽约人和莫斯科人都灭绝了，世界可能要经过几个世纪才能从这场灾难中恢复过来。而我们现在，尤其是从比基尼核试验以来很清楚：氢弹能够逐渐把破坏力扩散到一个比预料要广大得多的地区。据非常权威的人士说，现在能够制造出一种炸弹，其威力比毁灭广岛的炸弹大2.5万倍。这种炸弹如果在近地或水下爆炸，会把放射性微粒送入高层大气。这些微粒逐渐降落，呈有毒灰尘或毒雨的状态到达地球表面。正是这种灰尘使日本渔民和他们所捕获的鱼受到了感染，尽管他们并不在美国专家所确认的危险区之内。没有人知道这种致命的放射性微粒怎么会传播得这么广，但是这个领域的最高权威一致表示：一场氢弹战差不多就是灭绝人类的代名词。如果许多氢弹被使用，死神恐怕就会降临全球——只有少数幸运者才会突然死亡，大多数人却须忍受疾病和解体的慢性折磨……

　　这里，我要向你提起一个直率的、令人不快而又无法回避的问题：我们该消灭人类，还是人类该抛弃战争？人们不愿面对这个抉择，因为消灭战争太难了。消灭战争要求限制国家主权，这令人反感。然而“人类”这个专门名词给人们的感觉是模糊、抽象的，它可能比任何其他东西都更容易妨碍认识这种形势。人们几乎没有用自己的想象力去认识这种危险不仅指向他们所模模糊糊理解的人类，而且指向他们自己和他们的子子孙孙。于是他们相信只要禁止使用现代武器，也许可以允许战争继续下去。恐怕这个愿望只是幻想。任何不使用氢弹的协定是在和平时期达成的，在战争时期这种协定就被认为是没有约束力的，一旦战争爆发，双方就会着手制造氢弹，因为如果一方制造氢弹而另一方不造的话，造氢弹的一方必然会取胜……

　　按照地质年代来计算，人类到目前为止只存在了一个极短的时期——最多100万年。在至少就我们所了解的宇宙而言，人类在特别是最近6000年里所达到的认识，在宇宙史上是一些全新的东西。太阳升升落落，月亮盈盈亏亏，夜空星光闪烁，无数岁月就这样过去了，只是到人类出现以后，这些才被理解。在天文学的宏观世界和原子的微观世界，人类揭示了原先可能认为无法提示的秘密。在艺术、文学和宗教领域里，一些人显示了一种崇高的感情，它使人们懂得人类是值得保全的。难道因为很少有人能考虑整个人类多于这个或那个人群，这一切就会在毫无价值的恐怖行动中结束吗？人类是否如此缺少智慧，如此缺少无私的爱，如此盲目，甚至连自我保存的最简单命令都听不见，以致要用灭绝地球上的所有生命来最后证明它那缺乏理智的小聪明？——因为不驻人会被消灭，而且动物也会被消灭，没有人能指责它们是共产主义或反共产主义。

　　我无法相信结局会是这样。人们如果想让自己生存下去，他们就应暂时忘掉争吵，进行反省，人们有千万条理由期待未来的成就极大地超过以往的成就，如果让我们选择，那么擂在我们面前的有幸福、知识和智慧的持续增长。我们能因为无法忘掉争吵而舍此去选择死亡吗？作为一个人，我向所有的人呼吁：记住你们的人性，忘掉其余的一切。如果你们能这样做，通向一个新的天堂的路就畅通无阻；如果你们做不到这一点，摆在你们面前的就只有全世界的毁灭。

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